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| sample (source) | analysis | U conc. (ppb) |
Th conc. (ppb) |
K conc. (ppm) |
comments | |
| by | method | |||||
| Acrylic (Polycast) | J K M ? |
NAA TIMS ICPMS a-count |
- 0.0195 2.3(1)×10-4 - |
0.005(6) 0.0019 2.3(1)×10-4 0.003(3) |
Goal: 3.6 ppt U, 1.9 ppt Th | |
| Acrylic (Reynolds & Taylor) | J M |
NAA a-count |
< 0.028 ~ 0.004 |
0.012(9) ~ 0.008 |
||
| Activated charcoal | J | NAA | 1 - 11 | < 2 - 18 | ||
| Al (Cominco) (6N) | J | NAA | 14 | 4 | ||
| Al (Kingston Ind., NY) | J | NAA | 2300 | < 200 | alloy? | |
| Al (MRC UHP) | J | NAA | 1 - 3 | 0.5 - 4 | ||
| Al (`Omega mirror') | J J |
NAA GES |
890(90) < 20 |
118(4) 400(20) |
or 940(200) ppb U, 13(20) ppb Th |
|
| Al (Reynolds kitchen foil) | J J |
NAA GES |
1110(110) < 25 |
61(2) 180(25) |
||
| Al 1100 (99% (a)) | J | NAA | 200 | |||
| Al 1350 (99.45% (a)) | J | GES | < 5 | 180(10) | or 740(40) ppb U, < 10 ppb Th | |
| Al 2011 (5.5% Cu, 0.4% Pb, 0.4% Bi (a)) | J | NAA | 630 - 870 | 150 - 320 | ||
| Al 2024 (4.2% Cu, 1.6% Mg (a)) | J | NAA | 510 | 100 - 180 | ||
| Al 3002 (0.2% Mn, 0.1% Mg (a)) | J | NAA | 1000 | < 1000 | ||
| Al 5252 (2.6% Mg (a)) | J | NAA | 3100 | < 200 | ||
| Al 5657 (0.8% Cr (a)) | J | NAA | 1300 | < 200 | ||
| Al 6061 (1% Mg, 0.6% Si, 0.3% Cu, 0.2% Cr (a)) | J | NAA | 930 | 100 - 170 | ||
| Al alloy (Alcan 66250 HO) | J J |
NAA GES |
350(40) < 4 |
67(3) 440(10) |
or 410(80) ppb U, < 6 ppb Th |
|
| Alumina (calcined, Canada) | J | GES | 14(2) | 65(8) | 30(4) | |
| Alumina (Japan) | J | GES | 12(2) | 22(6) | 10(4) | or 680(80) ppb U |
| Alumina (CERA Hydrate) | J | GES | 12(3) | 17(10) | < 1 | |
| Alumina (Nippon) | J | GES | 50 | < 200 | ||
| Bakelite (PMT base) | J | GES | 670(100) | 4070(60) | 780(30) | |
| Borax (anhydrous, generic) | J | GES | 7(2) | 55(10) | 60(4) | |
| Borax (anhydrous, USA) | J | GES | 40(6) | 150(40) | 40(10) | (mean of 2) |
| Borax (generic) | J | GES | 36(3) | 145(9) | 40(4) | |
| Borax (Gran Sq., USA) | J | GES | 8(3) | 0(10) | 10(4) | |
| Boric acid (anh. HP, USA) | J | GES | 8(1) | 6(6) | 10(4) | |
| Boric acid (generic) | J | GES | 2(3) | 1(7) | 10(4) | |
| Boric acid (Japan) | J | GES | 2(2) | 5(5) | 10(4) | |
| Boron compounds (for glass) | J | GES | < 10 | < 10 | ||
| Boron nitride | J | NAA | 470 | U `not detected' | ||
| Brazil nuts | J | GES | 3340(60) | 1.04(1)×104 | 7950(60) | or < 460 ppb U, 2.07(2)×104 ppb Th |
| Cable (Belden type 9067) | J | GES | < 10 | 77(25) | 20(10) | |
| Cable (black jacket from above) | J | GES | < 8 | 47(17) | < 10 | or 4(16) ppb Th |
| Cable (coaxial) | J | GES | 4(6) | 60(20) | < 5 | |
| Capacitor (Philips KP/MMKP HQ, 2kV) | J | GES | 80(9) | 276(23) | 130(10) | |
| Cement (Bath, Canada) | J | GES | 1090(40) | 4240(100) | 7450(130) | |
| Cement (Portland, Canada) | J | GES | 2350(75) | 3120(100) | 1580(40) | `white, type 10' |
| Cement (Richmond, Canada) | J | GES | 2360(50) | 1220(70) | 2360(80) | or 4100(500) ppb U |
| Ceramic (dynode squares; USA) | J | GES | 61(8) | 160(70) | 80(20) | or 810(70) ppb U |
| Ceramic (green; UK) | J | GES | 720(180) | 3870(190) | 2460(140) | |
| Ceramic (green, PMT; USA) | J | GES | 190(60) | 320(60) | 140(20) | |
| Ceramic (mauve ring; USA) | J | GES | 545(15) | 2350(150) | 150(20) | |
| Ceramic (PMT; USA) | J | GES | 130(10) | 200(30): | 220(20) | |
| Ceramic (PMT; USA) | J | GES | 1200(200) | 960(30) | 290(20) | |
| Ceramic (PMT posts; USA) | J | GES | 1090(40) | 2230(100) | 890(70) | |
| Ceramic (white; UK) | J | GES | 50(20) | 130(50) | 170(40) | |
| Ceramic (white, PMT; USA) | J | GES | 3270(210) | 2160(280) | 610(200) | |
| Ceramic (white ring; USA) | J | GES | 2100(50) | 1340(70) | 110(20) | |
| Circuit board (flexible) | J | GES | 200(40) | 690(90) | 90(30) | |
| Concrete (Bath, Canada) | J | GES | 76(5) | 560(15) | 900(20) | or 420(80) ppb U |
| Concrete (borated) | J | GES | 512(12) | 290(16) | 470(20) | |
| Concrete 1 | J | NAA | 320 | 650 | ||
| Concrete 2 | J | NAA | 1480 | 3675 | ||
| Cu 101 (OFHC) | J | NAA | < 20 | < 1 | U + Th < 30 ppt, via b/g with Cu shield | |
| Cu 110 | J | NAA | < 20 | < 1 | ||
| D2O (AECL) | M K K |
ICPMS TIMS TIMS |
- 3.1×10-5 1.1×10-5 |
4(1)×10-5 2.7×10-5 4.5×10-5 |
Goal: 0.011 ppt U, Th after resin column |
|
| D2O (Ontario Hydro) | M K K |
ICPMS TIMS TIMS |
3×10-4 2.2×10-4 2.0×10-5 |
1.5(5)×10-4 3.9×10-4 5.3×10-5 |
||
| Dessicant (Davison Chemical) (silica gel, gr. 40, 6-12 mesh) |
J | GES | 210(10) | 135(12) | 10(5) | or 267(15) ppb Th |
| Dessicant (Drierite, USA) | J | GES | 240(12) | 70(20) | 170(10) | anhydrous CaSO4 |
| Dolomite | G | NAA | 9(1) | 9(3) | --> sulfurcrete (87%) | |
| Dolomite (`bluish') | J | GES | 96(3) | 325(25) | 160(10) | |
| Dolomite (`East') | J | GES | 13(1) | 2(3) | 10(4) | |
| Dolomite (`middle') | J | GES | 12(2) | 6(3) | 50(4) | |
| Dolomite (`sandy-stained') | J | GES | 11(3) | 15(10) | 40(4) | |
| Dolomite (`West') | J | GES | 4(2) | 2(3) | 30(4) | |
| Dolomite (`whitish-grey') | J | GES | 11(3) | 5(7) | 40(4) | |
| Epoxy (brown) | J | NAA | 350 | 2325 | ||
| Epoxy (white) | J | NAA | 150 | 61 | ||
| Fibreglass | J | NAA | - | 5000 | ||
| Furnace liner (`special') | J | NAA | 185(5) | 167(9) | 190(20) | |
| Furnace liner (`special') | J | NAA | 90(10) | 130(10) | 110(10) | |
| Furnace liner (`special') | J | NAA | 150(30) | 140(10) | 90(10) | |
| Furnace liner (`standard') | J | NAA | 1.5(3)×105 | 1.2(3)×105 | 3(1)×103 | |
| Glass (cullet, USA) | J | GES | 360(7) | 340(25) | 350(10) | |
| Glass (Hamamatsu PM) | J | GES | 380(15) | 400(30) | 70(10) | |
| Glass (Hamamatsu PM) | J | GES | 275(10) | 290(30) | 90(10) | |
| Glass (Japan) | J | GES | 264(15) | 380(30) | 3660(60) | |
| Glass (Japan) | J | GES | 970(20) | 520(30) | 7160(70) | |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 1') | J | GES | 350(15) | 610(30) | 180(15) | mean of 4 |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 1') | J | GES | 256(6) | 218(9) | 210(10) | |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 2') | J | GES | 380(25) | 460(60) | 80(10) | |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 2') | J | GES | 420(30) | 450(80) | 110(10) | |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 2') | J | GES | 320(30) | 420(70) | 90(10) | |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 2') | J | GES | 410(30) | 440(70) | 100(10) | |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 2') | J | GES | 340(30) | 400(70) | 100(10) | |
| Glass (Japan, `manufacturer 3') | J | GES | 725(11) | 211(11) | 1070(20) | |
| Glass (`low-rad', UK) | J | GES | 201(8) | 115(18) | 140(10) | |
| Glass (Netherlands) | J | GES | 1500(30) | 1150(20) | 1120(20) | |
| Glass (Netherlands, 6) | J | GES | 150(50) | 240(30) | 350(30) | |
| Glass (Netherlands, 211) | J | GES | 88(15) | 110(50) | 220(30) | or 350(110) ppb U |
| Glass (plates, UK) | J | GES | 129(5) | 250(20) | 300(10) | |
| Glass (Schott 8020) | J | GES | 1085(10) | 840(40) | 70(10) | |
| Glass (Schott 8245) | J | GES | 1090(20) | 860(30) | 1390(20) | |
| Glass (Schott 8246) | J | GES | 93(4) | 63(15) | 60(10) | |
| Glass (Schott 8246) | J | GES | 76(10) | 70(20) | 30(10) | |
| Glass (Schott 8246) | J | GES | 18(4) | 18(4) | 25(5) | |
| Glass (Schott 8246) | J | GES | 22(5) | 20(4) | 30(5) | |
| Glass (slides, USA) | J | GES | 240(20) | 600(30) | 1.02(1)×104 | |
| Glass (Soviet Union) | J | GES | 55(7) | 72(15) | 20(10) | |
| Glass (USA) | J | GES | 780(40) | 690(70) | 6.13(3)×104 | |
| Glass (USA, B472) | J | GES | 81(3) | 40(5) | 270(10) | |
| Glass (USA, UV1008) | J | GES | 460(15) | 310(20) | 80(10) | |
| Glass (USA, 300) | J | GES | 1(1) | 20(6) | < 5 | |
| Glass solder | J | GES | 25(3) | 39(7) | 20(5) | |
| Gypsum | J | GES | 725(25) | 225(25) | 920(20) | |
| In (scrap) | J | GES | 1(2) | 6(7) | 10(4) | |
| Kevlar (rope; dacron sleeve) | J | NAA | < 0.07 | 0.36(18) | - | |
| Kevlar (rope; 29 type 96 O) | ? | ? | - | 0.13(6) | - | |
| KMnO4 | J | GES | 12(10) | 30(20) | 2.46 ×105 | |
| Lime (CaOMgO) | J | GES | 40(3) | 40(10) | 100(10) | |
| Mg | J | NAA | - | < 0.6 | ||
| Mg (ALFA) | B | GES | 6(9) | 4(4) | 2(2) | |
| Mg (Norsk Hydro) | B | GES | 63(14) | 16(4) | 1(3) | U not in equilibrium |
| Mg (Timminco) | B | GES | 9(10) | 0(4) | 0(2) | |
| Mn coated acrylic beads | J | GES | 29(14) | 30(60) | 4.70(3)×104 | |
| MnO2 | J | GES | 8(2) | 52(9) | 10(4) | |
| Molecular sieve (Nuclear Diodes) | J | GES | 710(40) | 2280(110) | 1830(90) | or 10.3(4) ppm U |
| Molecular sieve (Union Carbide 4A) | J | GES | 900(30) | 2590(60) | 2720(30) | |
| Molecular sieve (Union Carbide 5A) | J | GES | 1200(50) | 2780(80) | 3180(100) | |
| Molecular sieve (Union Carbide 13X-LRG) | J | GES | 613(17) | 1930(60) | 1950(20) | |
| Molecular sieve (UOP 4A, no binder) | J | GES | 170(30) | 400(30) | 170(10) | |
| Molecular sieve (UOP 13X, no binder) | J | GES | 224(18) | 630(70) | 210(10) | |
| Neoprene | J | NAA | 162 | U `not detected' | ||
| Nepheline syenite | J | GES | 36(7) | 200(30) | 7.73(1)×104 | |
| Nepheline syenite (Canada) | J | GES | 370(20) | 875(50) | 3.77(2)×104 | |
| Nepheline syenite (Norway) | J | GES | 36(3) | 150(10) | 7.62(1)×104 | |
| Nylon | J | NAA | 0.6 | U `not detected' | ||
| Pb | J | NAA | < 9 | < 1 | ||
| Polycarbonate | J | NAA | < 1.5 | 1 | ||
| PM tube (Hamamatsu R1449) | J | GES | 370 | 470 | Goal: 100 ppb U, Th | |
| PVC | J | GES | 42(7) | 19(4) | 20(3) | |
| Quartz (Norway, XLA01) | J | GES | 3(1) | 0(3) | 1(4) | |
| Quartz powder (UK, UHP 20) | J | GES | 38(4) | 18(6) | 10(5) | |
| Quartz powder (UK, UHP 50) | J | GES | 100(20) | 29(6) | 20(5) | |
| `Residue' | J | GES | 96(6) | 885(25) | 10(10) | from cement manufacture |
| Resistor (Philips) | J | GES | 120(50) | 620(120) | 320(50) | |
| Rock (aggregate, Sov. U.) | J | GES | 66(5) | 106(5) | 170(10) | |
| Rock (Dunite, Soviet Union) | J | GES | 0(2) | 20(8) | 10(4) | |
| Rock (serpentinized Mg pyroxide, Canada) | J | GES | 23(2) | 78(5) | 140(10) | |
| Rock salt | J | NAA | < 65 | 2.6 | ||
| Salt, coarse pickling | J | GES | 2(4) | 6(7) | 80(1) | |
| Salt, table, iodized | J | GES | 1(1) | 3(2) | 40(4) | Goal: 1 ppt U, Th |
| Sand (boric, Japan) | J | GES | 15(2) | 43(10) | 20(4) | for glass |
| Sand (Canada) | J | GES | 10(1) | 20(6) | 30(4) | for glass |
| Sand (fine FeSi, Canada) | J | GES | 1062(20) | 5050(50) | 90(10) | or 2400(150) ppb U |
| Sand (fluorspar, Canada) | J | GES | 575(20) | 790(30) | 170(10) | |
| Sand (Germany) | J | GES | 130(5) | 255(12) | 70(4) | for glass |
| Sand (Germany) | J | GES | 122(4) | 249(10) | 90(4) | for glass |
| Sand (Hint, Canada) | J | GES | 158(6) | 415(25) | 270(10) | |
| Sand (MTS, Canada) | J | GES | 300(25) | 2160(50) | 1200(40) | |
| Sand (quartz) | J | GES | 6(2) | 22(3) | 140(10) | for glass |
| Sand (quintus, Norway) | J | GES | 263(11) | 322(14) | < 10 | |
| Sand (silicic, Japan) | J | GES | 140(7) | 320(15) | 50(10) | |
| Sand (Soviet Union) | J | GES | 140(3) | 390(10) | 380(10) | in concrete |
| Scintillator paint (USA) | J | GES | 40(30) | 20(60) | 80(40) | |
| Silica (Midland, 325M, Canada) | J | GES | 440(20) | 2650(100) | 1430(60) | |
| Silica (Minex-4, Norway) | J | GES | 200(15) | 375(25) | 4.4(2)×104 | |
| Silica (St. Canut, 325M) | J | GES | 200(15) | 560(25) | 550(30) | |
| Silica (Minnor) | J | GES | 0.006 | 0.24 | ||
| Silicone (Dow Corning `Sylgard' 527A) Silicone (`Sylgard' 527B) |
J J |
GES GES |
< 12 < 9 |
< 23 < 17 |
< 10 < 10 |
527A and B are 2-part `potting compound'; proportions unknown |
| Silicone (GE RTU 6196A) Silicone (GE RTU 6196B) Silicone (GE SR-900) |
J J J |
GES GES GES |
< 13 < 12 < 11 |
< 25 < 22 < 22 |
< 10 < 10 < 10 |
`potting compound', 3-part: `polymer'; `curing agent'; `resin solution': proportions unknown |
| Solder (Kester, 0.75 mm dia., 44 resin core, 63/37 alloy) | J | GES | 2(4) | 27(15) | 10(5) | |
| Spectra (rope; olefin sleeve) | J | NAA | 0.17(13) | 0.25(10) | - | |
| SRX polymer | G | NAA | 43(8) | 120(40) | --> sulfurcrete (1.2%) | |
| SRX polymer | J | GES | 55(5) | 145(25) | 250(10) | |
| SRX polymer | J | GES | 50(4) | 160(10) | 90(4) | |
| Stainless steel (NMBA, Japan) | J | GES | 4(2) | < 3 | < 5 | PMT parts |
| Stainless steel (SUS304, Japan) | J | GES | 5(3) | 14(6) | 10(5) | PMT parts |
| Stainless steel (304 plates, US) | J | GES | < 1 | < 1 | < 5 | |
| St. st. welding rod (316L, USA) | J | GES | < 1 | < 1 | < 5 | |
| St. st. welding wire (USA) | J | GES | < 1 | 3(1) | < 5 | |
| Sulfurcrete | J | GES | 14(1) | 17(2) | 30(4) | uses Haley dolomite |
| Sulfurcrete | G | NAA | 11 | 9 | 87 | |
| Sulphur | G | NAA | 8(3) | 14(7) | --> sulfurcrete (12%) | |
| Sulphur | J | GES | 9(1) | 20(4) | 20(4) | --> sulfurcrete (12%) |
| Sulphur (yellow disks, Canada) | J | GES | 2(1) | 2(5) | 10(4) | |
| Te-Cu | J | NAA | < 24 | U `not detected' | ||
| Teflon film | J | NAA | < 0.017 | < 0.010 | ||
| Teflon powder | J | NAA | < 1 | U `not detected' | ||
| Teflon rod | J | NAA | 0.7 | 0.6 | ||
| Teflon sheet | J | NAA | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
| Ti | J | NAA | - | < 14 | ||
| Tubing (Tygon R3603, USA) | J | GES | < 8 | < 15 | < 5 | |
| Tubing (Polyclear, USA) | J | GES | < 8 | < 15 | < 5 | |
| Vectran (rope) | J | NAA | 0.14(1) | 0.68(12) | - | |
| Vectran (rope) | J | NAA | 0.17(1) | 0.61(24) | - | |
| Vespel | J | NAA | 1 | 2 | ||
| Viton | J | NAA | 162 | 80 | ||
| Water (distilled) | J K |
GES? TIMS |
- 1.6×10-5 |
< 0.002 1.4×10-4 |
Goal: 0.015 ppt U, 0.022 ppt Th | |
| Water (double-distilled) | K | TIMS | 2.7×10-6 | 6.4×10-6 | ||
| ZnS (BDH, UK) | J | GES | 15(3) | 23(6) | 20(5) | or 750(60) ppb U |
| ZnS (Canada) | J | GES | 140(40) | 130(80) | 130(50) | |
Notes:
GES results assume U, Th chains in equilibrium, with counting on 214Bi (U) and 208Tl (Th). Jagam & Simpson also give U from 234Pa & 235U for many samples and Th from 228Ac for a few; I have noted these where they differ by more than 2 s. Note that glasses 6 - 35 in Table 2 of this paper in fact identify glasses 8 - 37 of Table 1; and in Table 3, `N/A' means `not attempted' (generally because other activity precluded meaningful measurements) and `N/D' means `not detected' (John Simpson, personal communication. He doesn't explain why they chose not to give a detection limit in the latter cases).
(a): Compositions from R. B. Ross, Metallic Materials Specification Handbook, 4th ed., Chapman & Hall, 1992
Other remarks:
